The Republican Party: Overall Issues, 1860-1868 :: essays research papers

The Republican Party: Overall Issues, 1860-1868 The Republican party during the 1860's was known as the party more concerned with "civil rights" and the common American. This came about through a series of sweeping changes in the party that occurred during two major time periods: the 1860-1864 and 1864-1868. The changes in the party reflected the attitude in the North as opposed to the confederate, democratic South. The main issue that divided the two was slavery and its implications for control of the nation. The best illustration of the party's anti-slavery sentiment (as contrasted to abolitionism) in 1860, is the fact that although the party was against slavery , it refused to attempt to stamp it out of the regions it was already present. For example, in the Republican Party Platform for 1860, the party states its abhorrence for slavery and declares that slavery should not be instituted into new territories, but it never tries to outlaw it from Southern states. "That the normal conditions of all the territory of the United States is that of freedom...and we deny the authority of Congress, of a territorial legislature or of any individuals, to give existence to Slavery in any Territory of the United States." In the first four years of the 1860's, the North and South waged war over these issues, with the Republican North emerging victorious. The Republicans took charge of the national political power. Although he worked with an anti-slavery platform, President Lincoln attempted to make a generous peace with the South, with hopes of expanding the power of the Republican party with support from the South. Examples of this can be found in the fact that Confederate officials were not barred from public office, compensation for lost slaves was not ruled out and Lincoln hinted that he would be generous with pardons to rebel leaders. With the Emancipation Proclamation, the Republicans gained freedom for slaves, but not social or political equality. During the years of 1864-1868, the Republican platform again changed with the public opinion in the North to one of abolition. In the platform for the National Union Convention, the party affirmed its support for an Amendment to "terminate and forever prohibit the existence of slavery within the limits or jurisdiction of the United States." The 13th Amendment confirmed the death of slavery. However, the so-called "Black Codes" that Southern governments implemented forced abolitionist Republicans in Congress to clash with President Andrew Johnson over the passage of a new Freedmen's Bureau bill and a Civil Rights Act. This clash signified a division between the old Republican values of tolerance and the new platform of slave rights. The Republican Party: Overall Issues, 1860-1868 :: essays research papers The Republican Party: Overall Issues, 1860-1868 The Republican party during the 1860's was known as the party more concerned with "civil rights" and the common American. This came about through a series of sweeping changes in the party that occurred during two major time periods: the 1860-1864 and 1864-1868. The changes in the party reflected the attitude in the North as opposed to the confederate, democratic South. The main issue that divided the two was slavery and its implications for control of the nation. The best illustration of the party's anti-slavery sentiment (as contrasted to abolitionism) in 1860, is the fact that although the party was against slavery , it refused to attempt to stamp it out of the regions it was already present. For example, in the Republican Party Platform for 1860, the party states its abhorrence for slavery and declares that slavery should not be instituted into new territories, but it never tries to outlaw it from Southern states. "That the normal conditions of all the territory of the United States is that of freedom...and we deny the authority of Congress, of a territorial legislature or of any individuals, to give existence to Slavery in any Territory of the United States." In the first four years of the 1860's, the North and South waged war over these issues, with the Republican North emerging victorious. The Republicans took charge of the national political power. Although he worked with an anti-slavery platform, President Lincoln attempted to make a generous peace with the South, with hopes of expanding the power of the Republican party with support from the South. Examples of this can be found in the fact that Confederate officials were not barred from public office, compensation for lost slaves was not ruled out and Lincoln hinted that he would be generous with pardons to rebel leaders. With the Emancipation Proclamation, the Republicans gained freedom for slaves, but not social or political equality. During the years of 1864-1868, the Republican platform again changed with the public opinion in the North to one of abolition. In the platform for the National Union Convention, the party affirmed its support for an Amendment to "terminate and forever prohibit the existence of slavery within the limits or jurisdiction of the United States." The 13th Amendment confirmed the death of slavery. However, the so-called "Black Codes" that Southern governments implemented forced abolitionist Republicans in Congress to clash with President Andrew Johnson over the passage of a new Freedmen's Bureau bill and a Civil Rights Act. This clash signified a division between the old Republican values of tolerance and the new platform of slave rights.

The Vernacular Language

The Vernacular Language Over the course of humanity, there have been many different languages that have come and gone. As this topic is being discussed, we can probably assume that there is another spoken or written language being developed for use in one way or another. Latin is one of the most prominent languages and was one of the longest used amongst those that were educated and within literature. The real questions that beg to be answered are the origins of the language and what were the impacts the spread of vernacular language had on cultures during this period.The Latin language has survived in one form or another for over two thousand years, dating back to around 75 B. C. and still in use today. No matter where we look, we can see the influence of this language. Dating back to the founding of Rome, in 753 B. C. , they have been at war and have been a nation that has conquered many different countries. While the rise of the Roman empire began in 406 B. C. with the attack of V eii, there was not a true injection of country traditions until later in history and ending in the 12th century.This spread of the empire is where the spread of the Latin language took place and the spread of the vernacular language. To start, what is vernacular language? According to the free dictionary (n. d. ), vernacular is defined as the standard native language or a country or locality. The everyday language spoken by a people as distinguished from the literary language or a variety of such everyday language specific to a social group or region. Note that this term originates from Latin vernaculus. Even some of our definitions of words come from Latin.As we progress through this report, we are now starting to see how much of an impact this language had on society. The Roman Empire was vast and their reign over a large portion of the world lasted for many years. As they conquered nations, their traditions slowly became the traditions of that native land. Most of their reign cov ered Europe as we know it today and spanned hundreds of years. With the spread of a nation, comes the spread of their culture as well. Language is the oldest form of expression within a culture and passing this on either through force or assimilation has a lasting impact on those involved.The Latin language has survived in one form or another for over 2,000 years. It is the parent language of many modern day languages such as Italian, French, Romanian, Portuguese, and the Spanish language. As it was already noted earlier in this paper, even words in the English language have roots that can be traced back to the Latin language. One of the main reasons that the Latin language was so prominent is the fact that it is a form of communication. Culture does not spread without communication. Without communication, we cannot pass on knowledge or exchange ideas amongst each other.If we did not have communication, we would not be the culture that we are today. To say that the Roman Empire had an impact on the entire world is making a very moderate statement. The Roman Empire has had influences in all of society and include areas such as poetry, music, the arts, and architecture as well as language. While most people associate the Empire with a lot of the aforementioned, none of it would have been possible without the Latin language. Again, we are pointed back to the ability to communicate with others and to be able to pass on knowledge.It does not matter how advanced a culture is or may appear to be if they have no ability to pass any of this on to another culture. Not only does it allow the passing of knowledge, it also accomplishes one other hurdle in terms of the world and the growth of the world. With different languages and having nobody be able to communicate, we would never be able to come to a form of peace. Having the ability to relate to others in different parts of the world allow us to relay intentions, be it for good or other purposes.Without this communicat ion, most wars may have ended in the complete annihilation of countries instead of peace or some form of agreement between the two nations that were at war. The last section to discuss today is the lasting impact that the vernacular languages had on our society. What are some examples of this? Look around and you can easily see them if you know what you are looking for. Let’s begin with the author of this paper and continue from there. The author has had his name passed on from generation to generation. While the use of his name stopped for a while, it was started again with his great grandfather.Passing this down, the use of Latin numbers, or more commonly known as Roman numerals, is used to dictate which number of that name he is. For the author, he is the fourth consecutively named son and as such, after his last name is IV to represent the fourth. Look at dictionaries when researching words and you will also notice that these words have root definitions to them. An excell ent example of the use of Latin is in scientific studies. Genus, phylum, etc. all come from Latin origins. The last one to mention that still has Latin roots is the naming of the NFL Superbowl games using the Latin numbering system.In closing, the Latin language and the vernacular language has had a lasting impact on society and will continue to have this impact. It is a part of almost every culture today in some form. Without this vernacular language, society would not be where we are today. References Latin Language Blog (2010, March 24). Latin Numbers 1-100 | Latin Language Blog. Transparent. com Blogs. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http://blogs. transparent. com/latin/latin-numbers-1-100/ Map of The Roman Empire. (n. d. ). Global Ministries – The United Methodist Church – General Board of Global Ministries.Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http://gbgm-umc. org/umw/corinthians/empire. stm Matthews, J. (2007, October). Beginnings of Vernacular. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http://ac-support. europe. umuc. edu/~jmatthew/naples/vernacular. htm Pulju, T. (n. d. ). History of Latin. Rice University — Web Services. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http://www. ruf. rice. edu/~kemmer/Words04/structure/latin. html The History Channel (n. d. ). Timeline – Rome: Rise and Fall of an Empire on History. History: Shows, Schedules and Resources. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http://www. history. o. uk/shows/rome-rise-and-fall-of-an-empire/season-1/timeline. html TheFREEdictionary. com (n. d. ). Vernacular languages – definition of Vernacular languages by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. In Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus – The Free Dictionary. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http://www. thefreedictionary. com/Vernacular+languages University of Calgary (1996, August). First Europe Tutorial – Latin and Vernaculars. Home | University of Calgary. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from htt p://www. ucalgary. ca/applied_history/tutor/firsteuro/lang. html

BSP2005 Class 5 S2 2015 Culture - 2646 Words

Business Culture in Asia Asian Business Environments Dr. Markus Taussig, NUS Business School Friday, February 13 (Week 5) 1 This Week Housekeeping, Preclass assessment Quick review of last week (politics) This week: culture âÅ"“country to firm view transition âÅ"“mini case on K-Pop 2 Housekeeping Need to make past assessment questions available to you No class next week Next week’s pre-class assessment will be early No class the following week either! 3 Pre-Class Assessment QUESTION ANSWER SHARE CORRECT 1 A 99% 2 TRUE 70% 3 B 98% 4 B 89% 5 D 93% 6 D 94% 7 C 97% 8 D 65% 57% 9 C 10 FALSE 75% 11 C 94% 12 C 93% 13 D 82% 14 B 86% 15 OPINION — 16 OPINION — 17 OPINION — 18 OPINION — 19†¦show more content†¦3.52 MacIntyre: Veto Points Crisis Assumes roughly equal shock and vulnerability to it across countries So different outcomes are result of different policy responses to crisis Policy responses flow from institutional setups 13 Logic of Veto Points (1): Credible Commitment stable, dependable policy environment requires ability to make binding promises Too few veto points and you have POLICY VOLATILITY, where policy is unpredictable 14 Logic of Veto Points (2): Decisiveness Appropriate flexible and responsive policy in dynamic environments require institutions that respond in an efficient and timely manner Too many veto points lead to POLICY RIGIDITY that won’t budge from the status quo when needed 15 MacIntyre’s Happy Medium 16 Veto Points in SE Asia Thailand was stuck in gridlock Indonesia vacillated wildly Philippines (maybe Malaysia) struck a good compromise 17 SE Asian Veto Points over Time Thailand 1997 Indonesia 2006 18 2013 Politics Growth July 2011 TEDtalk by Prof. Yasheng Huang, Sloan School of Management, MIT 19 Clark (1987): Labor Inefficiency due to†¦ Culture? 20 Clark (1987): Labor Inefficiency is Location-Specific 21 Is Clark’s conclusion convincing? 22 Culture! Country-, Firm-, Individual-level Perspectives 23 Country-Level Perspective 24 We Like Identifying Cultural Explanations Clash of civilizations National success or failure Corporate success or

Geometry Worksheets Polygons Angles and Vertices

Fit Dna Lab - 721 Words

The FIT-DNA (cologuard) is the last stool test that is available for colorectal testing. The FIT DNA test combines the FIT with a test that detects altered DNA in the stool (CDC, 2017). The FIT test requires the entire stool sample to be sent to the lab for testing. No cards or poking the stool are required, only the stool sample itself. The cologuard test can be done in the privacy of your home and does not require a bowel prep, diet changes or time off from work (Exact Sciences, 2017) The FIT-DNA test is recommended to be completed every three years. Positive results are recommended to be followed up with a colonoscopy. Medicare covers this test at no cost beginning at age 50 to 85 years of age with a low risk and no symptoms of†¦show more content†¦Medicare covers this test beginning at age 50 or older (no co-insurance, co-pay or Part B deductible) when it is done for screening only. In some cases this screening method begins as a screening tool and turns into a diagnost ic measure. If the health care provider performing the test identifies any polyps or cancerous lesions that require removal and biopsy, the individual will be charged co-insurance or co-pay for the diagnostic testing (ACS, 2017 ). If a precancerous polyp or colorectal cancer is found, a colonoscopy would be required to visualize the entire colon to detect other polyps or cancer (ACS, 2017). The USPSTF (2016) found the benefit of this testing is less beneficial when it is done alone compared to when it is combined with an annual FIT. The availability of flexible sigmoidoscopies has declined in the United States (USPSTF, 2016). Colonoscopy The colonoscopy is similar to the flexible sigmoidoscopy, however, this scope is inserted into the anus and through the entire colon. It is recommended to get a colonoscopy every 10 years who are at average risk and every two years for those at high, such as individuals with IBD or HNPCC (ACS, 2017). Before the test occurs a bowel prep at home is done in order visualize the lining of the colon during the test (ACS, 2017). Specific instructions regarding medications, bowel prep and eating before the night before the test will be determined by the health care providerShow MoreRelatedAnimal and Plants Cell Structures700 Words   |  3 PagesStudent Sheet Name: Date: June 18, 2015 Instructor’s Name: Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 2 Lab Report Title: Animal and Plant Cell Structures Instructions: Your lab report will consist of the completed tables. Label each structure of the plant and animal cell with its description and function in the provided tables. When your lab report is complete, submit this document to your instructor in your assignment box. 1. Animal cell: Observe the diagram that shows the components ofRead MoreA Pre Observation Conference With Nikki Walker Essay734 Words   |  3 Pagesreplication process easier to understand by starting at the smaller part of the human, the cell. 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Homosexual Propagation in Ukraine Free Essays

Evelina Habrel The Exploratory Paper Sanna Karosas ENG 113 Academic Writing 6 March 2013 Homosexual Propagation in Ukraine Ukraine is a post-Soviet country; therefore, many Soviet-style values and beliefs still exist in Ukrainians’ minds. Ukraine still shows negative about promotion of gays as it was in Soviet Union. In 2012, Ukraine faced the problem of homosexuality propaganda. We will write a custom essay sample on Homosexual Propagation in Ukraine or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because homosexual couples became very visible, the issue of how to relate to homosexuals propagation became urgent in the society. This issue has influenced not only Ukrainian government and population, gays but also European Union. Ukrainian Parliament presented a bill against promotion of homosexual relationships which is supported even by the president’s representative. The law bans â€Å"propaganda of homosexuality,† which is defined as a positive attitude to gays in public (The Associated Press, 2012). Some politicians proposed to confirm the anti-gay law 8711 where the Ukrainian government wants to prison people up to five years for any positive public depiction of homosexuality. In addition, this bill would ban such events as gay pride parades or TV dating shows for same-sex couples. An author of the Ukrainian bill, Pavlo Ungurian, stated that the bill would help to protect â€Å"the moral, spiritual, and physical health of the nation,† while Ruslan Kukharchuk, a campaigner for the bill and the leader of the â€Å"Love Against Homosexuality† group, named a homosexuality â€Å"a disease †¦ a psychological disorder,† and such people should get â€Å"rehabilitation therapy† (Druker, Boissevain, Caloianu, Persio 2012). Ukrainian political branch is strain because there are many powers that shows negative attitude towards homosexual propagation. This conflict made the Ukrainian population to split into supporters and fighters against gay promotion. Statistics shows that only 3% of Ukrainians have quite positive attitude to sexual minorities, 10% have rather positive, 14. 5% – rather negative, and 57. 5% – entirely negative (Stern, 2012). In the article â€Å"Tajik Fighting Ends, Ukraine Gets on Anti-Gay Bandwagon† it is reported that people who participated in a march last May in Kyiv promoted the traditional family and rotested against homosexuals’ rights with a slogan â€Å"Homosexuality – No. † People in Ukraine do not want to accept homosexuals in society. As a result, they might do some protests where they express what the feel and think. The way people show their attitude to gays and the words or physical power they use is unethical in some cases. Ther e were situations in Ukraine when homosexuals were beaten by citizens just because they promote nontraditional sexual orientation. For instance, masked assailants kicked and jumped on Svyatoslav Sheremet, the head of Gay Forum of Ukraine. A month later, unknown muggers assaulted Taras Karasiychuk, another of the parade investors, on the street as he was coming home at night (Stern, 2012). These cases show the cruelty of some anti-gay supporters. Ukrainian homosexuals fight for their rights. They ask for help and support for lesbian and gay organizations. Because of the new law, they need a protection because anti-gay movements became very cruel. Homosexuals do not think that propagation of nontraditional orientation can harm Ukrainians population (Danilova, 2012). They ask to provide civil liberties and equity for the sexual minorities. In spring 2012, Ukraine was supposed to have a pride parade, but because of the mass riots against homosexual demonstrations, organizers decided not to conduct it (The Associated Press, 2012). Homosexuals need social comfort because they feel eradication of the prejudiced and stigmatic attitude. Even though they might not promote homosexuality, they still will be treated as those who propagate it. Svyatoslav Sheremet, who leads Ukraine’s Gay Forum, said, â€Å"Eventually, society comes to realize that one can only live peacefully when one is tolerant† (Danilova, 2012). Homosexuals feel themselves unsafely and prejudiced in Ukraine, and they want people to be kinder to them. The next perspective of this issue belongs to the European Union that shows its disappointment in Ukraine because of the anti-gay law. For Europe people should be treated equally no matter what sexual orientation a person demonstrates. According to Reid-Smith’s article â€Å"Europe May Punish Ukraine for Gay Censorship Law,† European Union may put new visa rules to punish Ukraine if it confirms law plan against homosexual propaganda. Of course, it will be harder for Ukrainians to have an access to Europe. The draft anti-gay law creates hostility between Ukraine and European Union. The United Nations Human Rights Committee insisted that such law could not exist with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights that Ukraine approved (Intergroup on LGBT Rights, 2012). The European Union does not discriminate homosexual propagation, and if Ukraine accepts the law against it, than the results will be noxious for the Ukrainian population. Many homosexuals nowadays feel themselves uncomfortable because they cannot be accepted in the Ukrainian culture. Lots of them feel they are not treated in the same way as heterosexuals are viewed. Many Ukrainians began arguing whether homosexual propagation can exist in Ukraine or not. Lots of people were raised in families where traditional relationships were encouraged, and for them it is very hard to accept gays’ demonstrations. Based on previous political power in Ukraine, the government does not want to accept homosexual supporters in the country. Moreover, this issue forced the European Union to be involved. Indeed, Ukraine has had strain relationship with Europe, and now it can become worse. European Union wants Ukraine government to be loyal to homosexual propagation. There can be some limits for demonstrations, but it is unethical to prison those who promote them, as a Ukrainian government wants to do. Ukrainian Parliament should think about European Commission’s reaction. The Parliament should realize all the pros and cons of the 8711 law for the Ukrainian future. References Danilova, M. (2012, Jul 18). Leaders of Ukraine’s gay community say intolerance, and violence against homosexuals on rise. Yahoo! News. Retrieved from http://news. yahoo. com/leaders-ukraines-gay-community-intolerance-violence-against-homosexuals-173017972. html Druker, J. , Boissevain, J. , Caloianu, I. Persio, S. (2012, July 26). Tajik fighting ends, Ukraine gets on anti-gay bandwagon. Transitions Online, 4. Intergroup on LGBT Rights. (2012, December). European Commission: Ukraine’s anti-gay law obstacle to visa-free travel. Retrieved from http://www. lgbt-ep. eu/press-releases/european-commission-ukraines-bill-8711-obstacle-to-eu-ukraine-visa-agreeme nt/ Reid-Smith, T. (2012, October). Europe may punish Ukraine for gay censorship law. Gay Star News. Retrieved from http://www. gaystarnews. com/article/europe-may-punish-ukraine-gay-censorship-law031012 Stern, D. (2012, October). Ukraine takes aim against ‘gay How to cite Homosexual Propagation in Ukraine, Papers

Business Structure and Liability

Question: Discuss about the Business Structure and Liability. Answer: 1. In the given case study, Kate is having a business of women shoes and as the business is expanding day by day so Kate wants to update his business structure form sole trader to other. She asked her accountant to brief her about the various options available for the business structure.I will suggest her following options with advantages and disadvantages of the same. The description of various options is as below- Name of option Details Advantages Disadvantages Sole Trader It is the simplest business structure having no legal entity. An individual is the owner of such unit and he will be responsible for all rights and liabilities. Every contract or legal agreement of business goes in the name of owner as trade name is only fictitious in case of sole trader. 1. Its an easy form to set up. 2. Requires minimum capital structure 3.Legal formalities are very low in this case as this form has no legal entity 4. 1. It has no legal entity 2. Owner of business has unlimited liability regarding, debts, losses and other liabilities of business. 3. Business survives till the owner survives. 4. . Partnership Firm It is the form of business which is created when two or more persons join together with a common aim of running a business. They share the profit and losses as well as rights and liabilities of business either equally or as per the partnership agreement. A legal agreement named as partnership Agreement is made between the partners to run a partnership business. This agreement contains all the clauses regarding how the business will be operated, what will be the rights and duties of every partner. 1. Easy and cost effective set up of firm. 2. Better capital structure and borrowing power is available due to more than one owner. 3. Polling of knowledge, power, technology, shills and resources less than one roof is available. 1.Liabilities of partners are unlimited related to all business transaction. 2. Personal disputes are the big issue in the partnership firms. 3. Risk of dissolution of firm is high. Limited Liability Company (LLP) This the new form of business structure and mostly used in todays era. It is hybrid structure combining the features of both partnership as well as corporation. As the name indicates, it offers the limited liabilities to the owners reading the business debts, losses and liabilities. 1. It is simple as well as flexible form of organization. 2.It offers limited liability concept to owners. 3.Limited legal as well as administrative liability. 4.It combines the best features of both partnership as well as corporation. 1. It is the new form so reliability is low in this form. 2. Capital borrowings are not available under LLC. 3. It is not a cost effective formation. 4. Sate fees are high which is to be paid annually for running LLC. Company/ Corporation It is the most legal as well as reliable form of business. The owner of corporation is the shareholders while all day to day functions are carried out by directors. This form is not depending on any person, it has perpetual life. (Business.gov, 2016) 1.It is the most appropriate form for raising investment capital. 2.Owners are not personally liable for the debts of company. 3. It has unlimited life span. 4. Various tax benefits are available under this form. 5. Transfer of ownership is easy 1. Formation of company is costly. 2. Legal formalities are very high to run and manage the company. 3. All financial affairs of company are answerable to public. 4. Closure of business is very typical. The above table demonstrates the all forms of business organization and their benefits and disadvantages. On the basis of above information, I will suggest to kate that she should form an LLC as this is the new form of organization better than partnership and less complex than company. Presently Kate is running as sole trader business so expansion as LLC will be the best possible option due to following reason- There will be no unlimited liability in LLC Formation and running of LLC is cost effective as well as less complex. Legal formalities are limited. It will be easy to shift from sole trading to LLC Legal entity will be available in LLC form of organization. It is flexible to run LLC. Following factors will influence my advice- Capacity of taking liability by the owners is important while selecting the business structure. Capital requirement and raising capacity is the second consideration Purpose of business and expansion plan in future also influence the form of business. Tax liability is different under various forms of organization so considering the tax implication is also important. Management of business is also important part of business; sole trading business has the utmost control while in other management power is distributed. Cost of forming business also matters in forming any organization structure. (Legal vision, 2016) 2. In the given case study Myra is the single shareholder as well as director of Kids Clothes Pty Ltd. There are total 10 employees in the company. Due to loss in the company, Mayra paid bonus to herself and transferred all assets of company to the new company name Kids Pty Ltd. Employees remains in the old company and company owes thousand dollars for each employees. The possible legal grounds that employees have to claim their entitlements are as follows- It is well settled from the facts of the case that the control or ownership had changed as the assets of Kids Clothes Pty Ltd had been transferred to Kids Pty Ltd. In such a case, Myra, with the consent of employees should have terminated the services of the employees and initiate a new employment in the new company. In case where the employees do not consent to continue or transfer their services in the new company, the employees will be entitled to severance pay, service pay or such compensation by whatever name called, as the labour laws for the time being in force had set for the purposes.(Alrc.gov, 2016) Further, in the present case, on observation of the details it is clear that Myra is the single shareholder as well as sole director, which means that the complete ownership and management lies in the single hands of her. Therefore, while paying large bonus to herself prior to the transfer of assets, it is clear that the intention behind such an action of her was to provide a fraudulent preference over payment of liabilities while settlement at the time of assets as in case where such transaction would not had taken effect, the employees and the secured creditors of the company would have had a preferential right of payment over the unsecured liabilities and the shareholders, namely Myra, of the company. Hence, while providing of the bonus, the director (Myra herself) had not taken a prudent decision and that the same in not in the interest of the company as a whole but in the favour of herself which unveils the feature of corporate or separate legal entity of the company, i.e. the c ompany has a separate entity from the owners or directors. Myra is the shareholder and also holds managerial powers through holding directorship in the entity. The shareholder of a company is personally liable only to the extent of the unpaid or outstanding amount on the shares held or in case of company not having share capital, the amount of guarantee undertaken to be paid at the time of winding up. Further, the director of a company is meant to be the working parts of the company as the company executes its actions through the directors and that they are required to exercise due diligence and competence while executing their duties. Therefore, in case of any fraudulent act by the company, though it is well settled law that the company shall be held to be in default for the same and any suit, wherein laid by the victim shall be in the name of the company, neither in the name of shareholders nor the directors, but where it can be established that the default had been done due to the negligence of directors, they would be supposed to make th e same good. Hence, in the instant case, Myra no action resides in the hands of the employees against Myra in the position of shareholder, but she can be held liable as in the designation of the director. The responsibility of the employees would be the prove that the current position of the entity is due to the negligence or undue advantages taken by Myra creating a situation of conflict of interest of personal benefits and companys benefits. The same could be established through the very fact that the company had been a profitable unit but became a loss making entity and also while the same was transferred to another concern, Myra took out the funds in the form of bonus. Therefore, where it can be established, Myra could be held personally liable. (Iclg, 2016) References Alrc.gov.au. (2016).8. Australian remedies: misappropriation and other defaults | ALRC. 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