A Profession Undergoing Rebirth -Transformations in the Quantity Essay

A Profession Undergoing Rebirth -Transformations in the Quantity Surveyor's Role - Essay Example The quantity surveying surfaced in England as early as the eighteenth century. Cartlidge (2002) describes in his book those beginning years, where the quantity surveyor acted for the master tradesmen, measuring the work after completion and usually submitting final accounts to the building owner.As a consequence of these activities, it more and more became the habit of building owners to have work performed under contract and to call for bids before any work was undertaken. A process, therefore, developed whereby specifications and drawings were given out to selected master builders, who would then present proposals for the total price rather than a group of prices from master tradesmen. Builders soon realized that it would be more economical for them as a group to employ one surveyor to measure quantities for all of them. They could thus split the cost of the surveyor, acquire a similar bill of quantities which made sure that they would all be tendering on the same basis. Later on, the building owner realized that it would be to his own advantage to hire and pay the fees of the quantity surveyor (Willis and Ashworth, 1994). The quantity surveyor thus transformed to a consultant. The traditional function of the quantity surveyor has been defined by Cartlidge (2002) as a measure and value arrangement. Still practiced by some, the old, conventional role prepares estimated ballpark figures of the initial costs of the building using a single price method of valuation. The design would only then be developed by the architect when the cost was suitable for the client. Afterward, bills of quantities for tendering purposes would be created, progress payments would be quantified, and a final account would be prepared on the basis of the tendered documentation. Although the process was essential and vital, it was obviously also mainly reactive. In the 1960s, cost planning services were included in the selection of tasks carried out by the quantity surveyor, in order to avoid tenders being received that were over the budget (Egan, 1998).

Why you like Risk Management Plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why you like Risk Management Plans - Essay Example A risk management plan is a document that is created by the project manager to estimate risks, assess the impact of the risks and define solutions to the challenges. Risk management plans also contain a risk assessment matrix that determines the impact of a risk over a specific period (Power, 2008). The procedure of creating a risk management plan starts with understanding how risk management works then the project is defined, stating all the risks and their possible impact. Input from other stakeholders is crucial at this stage. All irrelevant issues are removed then probability of each risk occurring is calculated. The possible losses from the risks are then assigned with an impact number on a scale from 0.00 to 1 with less risky activities having a small value. Next, the total risk is computed then mitigation strategies are developed. After that, the project manager creates contingency plans and analyzes the efficiency of the strategies. Finally, an effective risk is calculated. A risk management plan has several objectives. The plan calculates risks and the probability of the risks resulting in loss. This is important when determining whether to pursue a business project. A risk management plan creates strategies for managing risks or managing the losses from the risk. The plan reduces the possibility of surprises and supports efficient use of organizational resources (Rejda, 2011). Risk management plans contain strategies on how to tackle risks. These strategies include risk avoidance, loss reduction, and risk control, spreading the risk, self-retention, and duplication of resources, accepting risks and transferring risks. Risk avoidance is the most efficient risk management technique. By avoiding a risk, the possibility of loss is eliminated completely. Risk avoidance is the most effective approach but not the most practical one. It is impossible to eliminate all aspects of risk in a project. Some

New York Computer Forensics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

New York Computer Forensics - Essay Example New York Computer Forensics Company has skilled and expert computer forensic staff and experts. These people effectively utilize the proven methods and sophisticated software, and tools which can be used to analyze and retrieve the entire data on a crime scene system to as absolute level as probable. In this scenario, this kind of material can include deleted files and e-mail and logs and other details that can be related to the problems and issues being examined. In addition, experience in a variety of investigation scenarios over the years has permitted and skilled New York Computer Forensic Services to build up procedures and started measures that make results matchless in the Computer Forensics field (Global Digital Forensics, 2012).Services offeredThe reality is that almost all information and data formed in this day as well as age is in the form of electronic design. Additionally, New York Computer Forensic Services support a wide variety of businesses in all aspects of compute r forensic authentication achievement, protection, and arrangement by minimizing expenditures and making sure that proof does not become tainted. In addition, New York Computer Forensic Services Company specializes in a number of forensic services, which are: (Global Digital Forensics, 2012)Â   Guidance Software Professional Services Company offers their clients most effective and direct access to technical capability with a personalized practice that enhance their return on business investment.... ly, New York Computer Forensic Services support a wide variety of businesses in all aspects of computer forensic authentication achievement, protection, and arrangement by minimizing expenditures and making sure that proof does not become tainted. In addition, New York Computer Forensic Services Company specializes in a number of forensic services, which are: (Global Digital Forensics, 2012) E-mail Forensics Computer Forensics Network Forensics Data Acquisition Full Computer Forensic Investigations Evidence Processing Database Forensics Backup Tape Analysis Correlation and Link Analysis Forensic Analysis Expert Testimony Guidance Software Professional Services Guidance Software Professional Services Company offers their clients most effective and direct access to technical capability with a personalized practice that enhance their return on business investment as well as speeds-up their time to value. In addition, using the Professional Services from Guidance, business employees atta in a trusted consultant to meet their objectives in all regions of digital analysis of any walk of life. Additionally, the Guidance Software Advisory Program (GAP) is aimed at ensuring successful acceptance and implementation of the EnCase application suite of the software system into a company’s business operations and processes. Moreover, the tactic of Guidance Software Professional Services for investigation is based on examine, plan, and frequent assessment of procedures enhancement and risk (Guidance Software, 2012). Services Offered There are many services and support areas offered by Guidance Software Professional Services Company. Given below are some of them: (Guidance Software, 2012) Casework Services Implementation Services Cyber Security Assessment Services Data Mapping

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

Research Proposal - Essay Example There are various rationales for why a prison inmate harms the self, ranging from psychological disturbances to even attempts to manipulate the prison officers to elicit change to their incarceration circumstances. Self-harm is a phenomenon that occurs with both male and female prisoners, thus it is not a gender-specific problem within the prison system. Statistics indicate that female prisoners, in 2003, represented only six percent of the total prisoners incarcerated in the entire UK prison system, but female self-harm constituted 46 percent of all national reports of self-harm in the country (Borrill, Snow, Medlicott, Teers and Paton 2005). Self-harm in prisons is costly to the prison system, taxpayers, and the health care system for those that require psychological counselling and, oftentimes, recurring medical treatment for this activity. The severity of the problem justifies conducting a research study to analyse the catalysts of self-harm, especially with female inmates that represent nearly half of all national reports of self-harm. Prison officers and medical practitioners have multitudes of responsibility for ensuring prisoner safety, ensuring the integrity of the prison system, and providing health care services to a broader population. Self-harm recurrences and its prevalence in the UK add significant burdens to the health care system and for prison officers that must develop documentation of these events and provide supplementary mental health services to recognised problem prisoners. Examine socio-historical instances of negative lifestyle scenarios that might exist in female prisoners, including, but not limited to, previous childhood or spousal abuse, mental health conditions, or stunted cognitive/developmental growth during various phases of child and adolescent development. The broader purpose of the study is to identify and categorise, statistically, the most frequent and common catalysts of

Consumer behaviour in tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Consumer behaviour in tourism - Essay Example The tourism industry mediated by tour operators traditionally came in vogue as a pillaring economic institution during mid nineteenth century with the inception of Thomas Cook, set up by a British entrepreneur. However, the industry underwent a rapid development with the progress of the travel industry spurred by the expansion of airlines between 1950s and 1960s. But it attained popularity only in developed markets of Europe given the heavy expenditure associated with foreign and even domestic tours. Eventually, the travel industry realised the opportunity cost of flying expensive crafts and hence decided to invest in inexpensive ones which were linked with reasonably priced tickets and hence were affordable (Middleton & Hawkins, 1998, p. 184). According to Rostow’s model of economic growth and development, evolution of the traditional tourism industry could be categorised under four phases, namely, the stage of take-off, maturity and finally that of mass consumption (Cavlek, 2005, p. 177). Development of the tourism sector primarily had been initiated by war stricken nations to recuperate their respective economies out of the impending financial crunch during the post World War II era. Such a development could actually assist in foreign exchange income which could help in propping up the dwindling treasury position of the recipient nation. The World Trade Organisation recognises the importance of tourism for the developing economies in order to abolish wide spread poverty.

Live Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Live Art - Essay Example Modern performance art dwells on current political topics and tries to illustrate them employment various techniques. In this essay I will attempt to focus my attention primarily of the visual arts and how they passed through an evolutional process in the 20th century. Although I partially agree with the statement that Goldberg (2001) makes that performance art is a medium with endless variables, almost no barrier, crossing all known taboos, and eventually borders with anarchism, I will try to pose the contra-argument that those alternations are caused by the fast-revolving global cultural, political and social life and consequently is a process which barely faces intentional directions. The term "performance art" was first used in the 1960's in the United States. Originally, the term referred to any live artistic event which engaged musicians, poets, film makers and so on (Goldberg, 2001). However, there were earlier forms of visual arts, for example the live performances of the Dadaists which was a combination of poetry and visual arts. Another example that Goldberg (2001) cites are the German Bauhaus, who established a theater workshop in order to examine the bonds between sound, space and light. Although, there were various other art performances the term hadn't been coined until the 1960s. By the 1970's the performance art idea spread as a worldwide acknowledged word which with the time began to be treated as a commodity - traded, advertised and sold (Goldberg, 2001). Consequently, the performance artists instilled in their art the direct contact with their audience through the public forum. This evolution of the performance art, eliminated the requirement to f or galleries, agents and brokers to act as mediators between the artists and their audience. On one hand, this opened the art to the general public and aided the artists to maintain a more real contact with their admirers, on the other this process destroyed all aspects of the capitalism and gaining profits from the artists. The main characteristics of the performance art are that: It is in live; There are no specific rules or guidelines, the art is experimental and if the artist says it is art, then it is; It is not for sale, though there might be admission tickets or included film right; It may contain painting or sculpture, music, dance, opera, film footage, poetry, dialogue, live animals, fire and everything that crosses one's mind; It is a legitimate artistic movement and there are many institutions where it is taught as a degree course; It is amusing, shocking, terrifying, entertaining and memorable. The most memorable and affirmative definition that I found about visual art is, is given by Goodman (1982). The comments: "What we know through art is felt in our bones and nerves and muscles as well as grasped by our minds . . . all the sensitivity and responsiveness of the organism participates in the invention and interpretation of symbols (pp.198 - 199)." That is true about performance art is that it is influential, because it reaches everyone, because they can perceive it with their senses and react to the feelings that the art evokes in them. Goodman (1982) a philosopher most of all, notably remarks that visual art is riddled with "philosophic faults and aesthetic absurdities (p. 191)." We can refer the aesthetic absurdities to the quote that Goldberg (2001) stating that art in the 20th century resembles anarchy. If analyzed from a artistic point of view anarchy means performances combined

Enviromental Issues of Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Enviromental Issues of Global Warming - Essay Example Nitrous gas, ozone and water vapor. This is called the greenhouse effect where the short wavelength radiations are allowed to pass through the gases but the long wavelength radiations reflected by the earth’s surface are blocked from penetrating by these gases and are reflected back to the earth. This raises the over the surface temperature above the average and this has had major affects on different aspects in the world. Effects of global warming on: Plant life; global warming and climatic change have become the major cause of the change in the functioning and the distribution of plant life. This change has led to the problem of speciation and extinction of plants. The plants thrive under certain conditions which when altered my reverse or terminate the process while their physiological functioning like that of their life cycles is defined. The way the plants synthesize is affected in that there is increased water intake efficiency, increased growth of these plants and also increased capacity to photosynthesize the result of this is the thickening of the plant community structure and functioning. North Gerald R J Schmandt Jclarkson eds. (1995) ni their book, the impacts of global warming, highlighted that, depending on the environment, there are different responses which may result to competition among different species of plants. In addition to this, there may result to a change in the herbivore nutrition due to the variation in the Carbon Nitrogen ratio. The rise in the climate has increase the rate of pests and disease multiplication. The organisms have shifted their range forward to higher elevations. The butterflies, dragons, beetles and moths are now living at higher latitudes and altitudes where survival was previously not possible due to the cold that infested these regions. More so, they arrive earlier in the spring season and take longer than usual to depart. These insects have terrorized the plants found in the world as heir multiplication a nd survival has been favored. The changes in the climatic conditions for example the temperature shifting may cause the phenology of the plants to change like the flowering of the plants. J.T Houghton.L.G.MJ FilhoD.J GriggsK. Maskell. (1997) observed that the flowering annual plants have been seen to flower earlier than the perennials while the insect pollinated plants flowering before those which are pollinated by wind and this will have an ecological effect. The change in the climatic conditions has had a tendency of altering the species composition in certain regions. While other place species fail to thrive under these changed conditions, other s may find it favorable and start developing in these regions. The result is an inevitable relative abundance in the composition of species. On animals: The animals have suffered an adverse effect due to global warming. Most of these effects are like those of the plants but the animals may face a worse deal as the extinction of some plant s may also cause the animals to cease in existence. The major effects of this problem is that the climatic change may change the composition and distribution of the animal species, a variety of stresses including the destruction of food sources like for polar bears and the polar ice melting plus the destruction of the glaciers may result to the fish which is its food to lack, thus leading to the polar bear extinction. The other result of stress is that the animals may be forced to migrate to other regions. This may